A Weighted Linear Programming Model to Minimize Maritime Transport Costs for Perishable Food Exports: Evidence from Turkey’s TR61 Region (NUTS-2)

Abstract

Purpose – The NUTS (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) classification provides a standardized spatial framework for regional statistical analysis. As logistics costs account for approximately 4–20% of product sales prices, reducing transportation costs is an important factor in export performance. Given the significant role of maritime transport in international trade, this study aims to minimize the maritime transportation costs of perishable food products exported from NUTS Level 2 regions.
Design/methodology/approach – In this study, a Weighted Linear Programming model prioritizing high-demand markets was applied to Turkey’s TR61 Region as a case study. Fresh fruit and vegetable products, representing a key component of the region’s export structure, were included in the analysis using 2023 data obtained from the West Mediterranean Exporters’ Association. The model was implemented using the Simplex LP method in the Excel Solver add-in.
Results – Under the assumptions that maritime transportation costs between customs directorates and destination countries were calculated using a single-route approach based on the “distance × unit nautical mile” method, and that 11 destination countries were included in the analysis, the results indicate changes in the quantities shipped from customs directorates to export countries compared to the existing distribution pattern. According to the model outcomes, total maritime transportation costs were reduced by approximately 1.1%.
Discussion – The results indicate that optimizing shipment allocation may reduce maritime transportation costs. These reductions could be reflected in sales prices and may enhance the international price competitiveness of products from the TR61 Region, thereby indirectly supporting export performance and regional development.